This model is very similar to the Hofer Schendel model and was developed by the consulting firm Arthur D Little Inc in the late 1970’s.
Arthur D. Little, from Cambridge Massachusetts, is one of the world's premier consulting firms, with offices and laboratories in more than 30 countries around the world. Founded in 1886, the company and its people have continually set the standard for excellence in management consulting, technology and innovation, and environment and risk consulting.